Bals, Balz & Baltz

              The History of the Family of Henry & Elizabeth Bals of Nebraska

                                                        From information compiled and edited by Gene Bals ©2004


 

OVERVIEW
Home Page

SITE MAP
● Timeline & Site Map

BALS NAME
● The Name

ANCESTORS
● Ancestors of Henry Anton Bals
   ● Jürgen
   ● Tonnies
   ● Joes Antonius
   ● Franz Heinrich
   ● Johann Heinrich
   ● Franz Joseph
   ● Theodor

FAMILY
● Family of Henry & Elizabeth
   ● Theodore
   ● Henry F.
   ● Ella
   ● Gus
   ● Tillie
   ● Hattie
   ● Herb
   ● Alfred
   ● Carl
   ● Thelma

RICKERT
● Family of Elizabeth

HENRY & ELIZABETH IN NEBRASKA
● Details of Their Life in Nebraska

1900 Dorchester Precinct Plat Map
● 1918 Crete Twp Plat map
● 1918 Farmers' Directory of Crete
● Memories of Delmer Patz

Ferdinand
● Ferdinand in Nebraska

SCHMERLECKE
● Village History

● Map of Schmerlecke Area
● Map of Village

LUSEBRINK
● History of Lusebrink Farm

Lusebrink Chapel

LOWER-SAXON BAUERNHAUSES

SOURCES
● Bibliography


Anna Bals' Diaries

Website of Bettina Balz


 

Saxon Capitulary of 784 AD

See the website http://thrudheim.org/sahsginotas for the Latin & German text.

1. It was pleasing to all that the churches of Christ, which are now being built in Saxony and consecrated to God, should not have less, but greater and more illustrious honor, than the fanes of the idols had had.

2. If any one shall have fled to a church for refuge, let no one presume to expel him from the church by violence, but he shall be left in peace until he shall be brought to the judicial assemblage; and on account of the honor due to God and the saints, and the reverence due to the church itself, let his life and all his members be granted to him. Moreover, let him plead his cause as best he can and he shall be judged; and so let him be led to the presence of the lord king, and the latter shall send him where it shall have seemed fitting to his clemency.

3. If any one shall have entered a church by violence and shall have carried off anything in it by force or theft, or shall have burned the church itself, let him be punished by death.

4. If any one, out of contempt for Christianity, shall have despised the holy Lenten fast and shall have eaten flesh, let him be punished by death. But, nevertheless, let it be taken into consideration by a priest, lest perchance any one from necessity has been led to eat flesh.

5. If any one shall have killed a bishop or priest or deacon, let him likewise be punished capitally.

6. If any one deceived by the devil shall have believed, after the manner of the pagans, that any man or woman is a witch and eats men, and on this account shall have burned the person, or shall have given the person's flesh to others to eat, or shall have eaten it himself, let him be punished by a capital sentence.

7. If any one, in accordance with pagan rites, shall have caused the body of a dead man to be burned and shall have reduced his bones to ashes, let him be punished capitally.

8. If any one of the race of the Saxons hereafter concealed among them shall have wished to hide himself unbaptized, and shall have scorned to come to baptism and shall have wished to remain a pagan, let him be punished by death.

9. If any one shall have sacrificed a man to the devil, and after the manner of the pagans shall have presented him as a victim to the demons, let him be punished by death.

10. If any one shall have formed a conspiracy with the pagans against the Christians, or shall have wished to join with them in opposition to the Christians, let him be punished by death; and whoever shall have consented to this same fraudulently against the king and the Christian people, let him be punished by death.

11. If any one shall have shown himself unfaithful to the lord king, let him be punished with a capital sentence.

12. If any one shall have ravished the daughter of his lord, let him be punished by death.

13. If any one shall have killed his lord or lady, let him be punished in a like manner.

14. If, indeed, for these mortal crimes secretly committed any one shall have fled of his own accord to a priest, and after confession shall have wished to do penance, let him be freed by the testimony of the priest from death.

15. Concerning the lesser chapter all have consented. To each church let the parishioners present a house and two mansi of land, and for each one hundred and twenty men, noble and free, and likewise liti [freedmen], let them give to the same church a man-servant and a maid-servant.

16. And this has been pleasing, Christ being propitious, that whencesoever any receipts shall have come into the treasury, either for a breach of the peace or for any penalty of any kind, and in all income pertaining to the king, a tithe shall be rendered to the churches and priests.

17. Likewise, in accordance with the mandate of God, we command that all shall give a tithe of their property and labor to the churches and priests; let the nobles as well as the freemen, and likewise the liti, according to that which God shall have given to each Christian, return a part to God.

18. That on the Lord's day no meetings and public judicial assemblages shall be held, unless perchance in a case of great necessity or when war compels it, but all shall go to the church to hear the word of God, and shall be free for prayers or good works. Likewise, also, on the especial festivals they shall devote themselves to God and to the services of the church, and shall refrain from secular assemblies.

19. Likewise, it has been pleasing to insert in these decrees that all infants shall be baptized within a year; and we have decreed this, that if any one shall have despised to bring his infant to baptism within the course of a year, without the advice or permission of the priest, if he is a noble he shall pay 120 solidi to the treasury, if a freeman 60, if a litus 30.

20. If any shall have made a prohibited or illegal marriage, if a noble 60 solidi, if a freeman 30, if a litus 15.

21. If any one shall have made a vow at springs or trees or groves, or shall have made any offerings after the manner of the heathen and shall have partaken of a repast in honor of the demons, if he shall be a noble 60 solidi, if a freeman 30, if a litus 15; if, indeed they have not the means of paying at once, they shall be given into the service of the church until the solidi are paid.

22. We command that the bodies of Saxon Christians shall be carried to the church cemeteries and not to the mounds of the pagans.

23. We have ordered that diviners and soothsayers shall be given to the church and priests.

* 24. Concerning robbers and evildoers, who come from one district looking for refuge in another. If someone picks them up in his precinct and keeps them 7 nights, outside of hunting them down, he shall pay our penalty; similarly, if the district count hides him and does not want to bring him to legal judgement and therefore cannot absolve himself, he loses his honor.

* 25. Concerning collateral. In no way shall someone dare to seize another; and he who does, shall pay the penalty.

* 26. No one shall dare to block the way of a person who comes to us seeking justice; and if someone attempts to do that, he shall pay our penalty.

* 27. If a man can find no guarantor, his things shall be held (as collateral), until he provides a guarantor; if he dares however, during this restriction to bring (them) into his house, he pays either 10 solidi or a cow as a fine because of this restriction and besides that he pays, for which he stands as a debtor; if however the guarantor does not observe the fixed day (of repayment), then he himself suffers damages in the same amount as his debtor; however, he who stands as debtor to the guarantor, reimburses double the amount, since he let the guarantor fall into debt.

* 28. Concerning rewards and gifts. Gifts from an innocent shall no one take, and if someone dares to do this, he shall pay our penalty and if, furthermore, the district count does it, he shall lose his honor.

* 29. All the district counts should earnestly attempt to keep the peace and harmony among one another; and if perhaps some kind of discord or breakup ensues among them, they should not avoid our assistance or help.

* 30. If someone kills a district count or gives advice about his killing, his inheritance shall fall to the king's share, and he shall hand over his legal claim.

* 31. We give the district counts the power, within their realm to fix the penalty due to feuds or due to more serious cases at 60 solidi. Due to lesser cases however, we fix the penalty of the district counts at 15 solidi.

* 32. If someone owes some other man an oath taking, he shall vow to him the oath taking in the church on the fixed day, and if he scorns to swear it, he shall vow, he proved to be liable, (payment) by his faithfulness and shall be penalized 15 solidi, and on top of it he shall completely pay the debt.

33. Concerning perjuries, let it be according to the law of the Saxons.

34. We have forbidden that all the Saxons shall hold public assemblies in general, unless perchance our missus shall have caused them to come together in accordance with our command; but each count shall hold judicial assemblies and administer justice in his jurisdiction. And this shall be cared for by the priests, lest it be done otherwise.

Latin and German versions are from Die Gesetze des Karolingerreiches 714-911 by Karl August Eckhardt, 1934, Weimar.

The English versions of 1-23 and 33-34 are from Capitulary for Saxony 775-790. In Boretius, No. 26, p. 68, trans. by D. C. Munro in - University of Pennsylvania. Dept. of History: Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European history, published for the Dept. of History of the University of Pennsylvania., Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press [1900]. Vol. VI, No. 5, pp. 2-4.


 

 


This website was created by Gene Bals on September 13, 2004.
Latest Revision:  August 4, 2009
© 2004 by Gene Bals
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